Ellington began studying piano as a child and formed his first band in the early 1920s. In 1927, he gained national recognition when his orchestra became the house band at Harlem’s Cotton Club, showcasing his innovative compositions. Renowned for blending jazz, blues, and classical influences, Ellington composed over 3,000 pieces, including standards like “It Don’t Mean a Thing (If It Ain’t Got That Swing),” “Mood Indigo,” and “Take the ‘A’ Train” (written by collaborator Billy Strayhorn).

A master of orchestration and collaboration, Ellington worked with some of the finest musicians of his time, including Johnny Hodges, Cootie Williams, and Paul Gonsalves. His music transcended jazz, exploring themes of identity and culture, as seen in works like Black, Brown, and Beige.

Ellington received numerous accolades, including 13 Grammy Awards and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He toured extensively until his death in 1974, leaving behind a legacy that reshaped American music and inspired generations of artists.